3 Tenses in English | 4 types of Present tense

///Tenses in English///

[ The word tense comes from the Latin word  tempus , its mean time ] 

The tense of a verb shows the time of an action or event: 

There are three tenses in English and each tense has four types: 

There are following  three tenses in English: 

•  present 

•  past 

•  future 

  ///Tenses recognition///

(1)  Present tense: 

In this tense A verb that refers to present time is said to be in the present tense. 

e.g:   ( I go ,   he writes ,  i love ) 

•  Past tense: 

A verb that refers to past time is said to be in the Past tense: 

e.g:    ( I went ,  he wrote , i loved ) 

•  Future tense: 

In future  tense A verb that refers to future time is said to be in the Future tense: 

e.g:    ( i shall go ,  he will write , I shall love ) 

///Types of tenses///

[TYPES OF PRESENT TENSE]

•  Present indefinite tense:

•  Present continuous tense:

•  Present perfect tense:

•  Present perfect continuous tense:

[ TYPES OF PAST TENSE ]

•  Past indefinite tense:

•  Past continuous tense: 

•  Past perfect tense:

•  Past perfect continuous tense:

[ TYPES OF FUTURE TENSE ]

•  Future indefinite tense:

•  Future continuous tense:

•  Future perfect tense: 

•  Future perfect continuous tense:

    //// Tenses definitions////

(1)  Present Indefinite tense: 

[ This sentence gives us information about an action or event which happens in present time]

( each kind of tense has 4 types of sentence ) 

(1) positive :

(2) Negative: 

(3) Interrogative:

(4) Negative Interrogative:

//////// Rules ////////

# we use first form of the verb in this tense .

( subject + IST form of the ( verb) + object)

 

# We add ( s , es) with the first form of the verb with pronouns ( he , she , it or singular third-person nouns)

# For negative sentence We use do not and does not . 

( Subject + does not / do not + verb + object)

# We use Does not with ( he , she , it or singular third-person nouns)

# we use Do not with ( I , we , you , they , or plurals nouns) 

#  In interrogative sentence we use do and does at the start of the sentence and place the sign of Interrogation ( ? ) at the end:

(do/does+subject+Ist form of the ( verb)+object)

#  For Negative Interrogative sentence we use:

 ( do/does + subject + not + Ist form of verb + object ) 

EXAMPLES:

//// Present simple (positive) sentence ////

Formula:

 ( subject + Verb (1st form)+ object) 

Like:}}

(1) I go to school daily.

(2) he reads a lesson in the school.

(3) They play cricket in the ground.

/// Present Simple ( Negative) sentence///

Formula:

( Subject + verb + do not/ does not + Object) 

(1) I do not go to school daily.

(2) he does not read a lesson in the school.

(3) they do not play cricket in the ground.

// Present simple ( Interrogative ) sentence//

Formula:

     ( do/does + subject + verb + object ) 

(1) Do i go to school daily ?

(2) Does he read a lesson in the school?

(3) Do they play cricket in the ground?

//Present (Negative Interrogative) sentence//

(1) Do i not go to school daily?

(2) Does he not go to school daily ?

(3) Do they not play cricket in the ground? 

(2)  Present Continues tense:

[This sentence gives us information about an action or event which is still continued  in present time]

            /// Rules////

# we use ( is , are , am ) as helping verb in this tense: 

# We add ( ing ) with the first form.of the verb:  

 like :    go  -  ( going )

( subject + helping verb + verb ( ing) + object)

#  for negative sentence we use not after the helping verb: 

( S + H.V + not + verb (ing ) + object ) 

# For Interrogative sentence we bring helping verb ( is , are , am ) at the first of the sentence : 

( helping verb + subject + verb ( ING ) + object)

# for interrogative negative present  continuous tense : 

( H.V + subject + not + verb ( ing ) + object )

EXAMPLES: 

•  Present continuous ( positive ) sentence: 

Formula: 

( subject + H.V + V (ing) + object)

(1) I am going to school.

(2) he is reading a lesson in the school.

(3) they are playing cricket in the ground.

•  Present continuous ( negative ) sentence:

Formula:

( subject + H.V + not + V ( ing ) + object )

(1) I am not going to school.

(2) he is not reading a lesson in the school.

(3) they are not playing cricket in the ground? 

•  Present continuous ( Interrogative ) sentence)

Formula: 

( H.V + subject + V (ing) + object) 

(1) am i going to school? 

(2) is he reading a lesson in the School?

(3) are they playing cricket in ground? 

•  Present continuous ( negative interrogative ) sentence: 

( H.V + subject + not + V ( ing ) + object ) 

(1) am i not going to school?

(2) is he not reading  a lesson  in the school?

(3) are they not playing cricket in the ground? 

(3)  Present perfect tense: 

[ This tense informs about the completion of an action , happening or event in the past time ]

      //// Rules////

#  we use third (3rd) form of the verb in this sentence : 

( subject + helping verb + 3rd form of verb + object ) 

#  ( have , has ) are used as helping verb:

( subject + have / has + 3rd form of V + object) 

# for negative  sentence we use " not " after the ( has & have ): 

( subject  + H.V + not + 3rd form V + object ) 

# place the ( have , has ) at the start of the sentence  for interrogative : 

( have/has + subject + 3rd(f) of V+ object )

# for present perfect ( negative  Interrogative ) sentence :

( have / has + subject + not + 3rd(f) of verb + object )

EXAMPLES: 

•  Present perfect tense ( Positive)

( subject + helping verb + 3rd form of verb + object ) 

(1) I have gone to school. 

(2) he has read a lesson  in the school. 

(3) they have played cricket  in the ground.

•  Present perfect tense ( negative )

( subject + helping verb +not+ 3rd form of verb + object ) 

(1) I have not gone to school. 

(2) he has not read a lesson  in the school. 

(3) they have not played cricket  in the ground.

•  Present perfect tense ( interrogative )

( has/have + subject  + 3rd form of verb + object ) 

(1) have i gone to school. 

(2)  has he read a lesson  in the school. 

(3) have they played cricket  in the ground.

•  Present perfect tense ( interrogative negative )

( has/ have + subject + not + 3rd form of verb + object ) 

(1) have i not gone to school. 

(2) has he not read a lesson  in the school. 

(3) have they not played cricket  in the ground.

•  Present perfect  continuous:

[ this tense gives us information about continuity of happening or event from a certain time or period]

Or

[ the present perfect continuous is used for an action which began at some time in the past and still continuing ] 

  

                /// Rule//

#  use ( ing ) with the first form of the verb.

# have been and has been are used as helping  verb.

# since and for are used in this tense . 

(For) is used with the period of time and since is used with a point in the past. 

# for negative sentence  we use " not" after the has / have and then been is placed: 

#  for interrogative sentence  we bring has / have at the start of the sentence: 

# for negative interrogative we use " not " after the subject .

EXAMPLES: 

•  Present perfect continuous (positive )

( subject + have/has+ been+ verb(ing) + for/since + time or period)

(1) it has been raining since morning .

(2) we have been playing for two hours.

(3) they have been building the university for several months. 

• Present perfect continuous (negative)

( subject + have/has+ not + been+ verb(ing) + for/since + time or period)

(1) it has not been raining since morning .

(2) we have not been playing for two hours.

(3) they have not been building the university for various months. 

•  Present perfect continuous (interrogative)

( have/has +  subject + been+ verb(ing) + for/since + time or period)

(1)  has it been raining since morning?

(2)  have we been playing for two hours?

(3) have they been building the university for numerous months?

•  Present perfect continuous (negative  interrogative )

( has/hav +  subject + not + been+ verb(ing) + for/since + time or period)

(1)  has it not been raining since morning .

(2)  have we not been playing for two hours.

(3) have they not been building the university for numerous months. 

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